If youre applying a wired network without purchasing a designed system, then you should look for some PCIe cards.The emergence of the PCIe (peripheral component interconnect express) standard is to meet the needs for higher bandwidth, greater flexibility, and better performance of networking devices.Since its debut in 2001, PCIe has been rapidly developed and widely applied in many network devices, especially for the PCIe card (aka PCI Express card, PCIe-based card).The definition, working principle, advantages, types, and selection of PCI Express cards are all included in this comprehensive introduction.
Specifically, PCIe-based expansion cards are designed to fit into PCIe-based slots in the motherboard of devices like host, server, and network switch. Most recent PCs motherboards have PCIe slots just for PCIe cards. Normally speaking, the slot is as wide as or wider than the card. After inserting a PCIe network card, a logical connection will be formed between the slot and it to communicate with each other. This connection, called an interconnect or link, enables a point-to-point communication channel between two PCIe ports, and allows both of them to send and receive ordinary PCI requests and interrupts. For the x2 link, each lane is composed of two different data transferring pairs, one pair for transmitting data and the other for receiving data. Therefore, each lane consists of four wires or signal traces. With a completely different connector and electrical design, the newly-launched PCI-E card makes an improvement based on the former two and becomes the most commonly-used one among them. The article PCI vs PCI-X vs PCI-E, Why Choose PCI-E further explains why we use PCI-E most often. In the following part, PCI Express card types will be uncovered in terms of sizes and versions. Generally speaking, there are five physical sizes of PCIe cards: x1, x4, x8, x16, and x32. FYI, PCIe x32 does exist with a maximum of 32 lanes, but its ultra-rare and not mainstream.) The number after the x refers to the number of lanes in the PCIe slot. However, confronted with cases like slot shortage, the PCIe card also can be fitted into a wider slot. For instance, you can place a PCIe x8 card into a PCIe x16 slot when the PCIe x8 slot has been occupied, but that card will always run in PCIe x8 mode. For more details about the PCIe card sizes, you can refer to the following table. PCIe standard has undergone numerous revisions through improving performance and other features. PCIe 1.0 was initially launched in 2002. In order to meet the growing demands for higher bandwidth, successive versions have been invented and introduced to the market. At present, there are five different generations of PCIe standards: PCIe 1.0, PCIe 2.0, PCIe 3.0, PCIe 4.0, and PCIe 5.0. The PCIe 6.0 will come in the not-so-distant future. That is to say, any version of the PCIe card and motherboard can work together in the mode of the lowest version. In the following table, a comparison of transfer rates among five typical PCIe versions (take the original version n.0 for example) has been listed for your better understanding.
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